2024中考语文试题汇编
共九大题,约4740字。
  课内课外文言语段比较阅读
  一.阅读甲、乙两个语段,回答问题。                                                                          
  [甲]  鱼,我所欲也;……故患有所不辟也。                                                                            
  [乙]荀巨伯远看友人疾,值 胡贼 攻郡。友人语巨伯曰:“吾今死矣!子可去。”巨伯曰:远来相视,子令吾去,败义以求生,岂荀巨伯所行邪?”贼既至,谓巨伯曰:“大军至,一郡尽空,汝何男子而敢独止?”巨伯曰:“友人有疾,不忍委之,宁以我身代友人命。”贼相谓曰:“我辈无义之人,而入有义之国!”遂班军而还。郡并获全。  (选自《世说新语》)
  【注】①值:遇到 ②胡贼:胡人入侵的军队  ③败:毁坏,舍弃 ④男子:这里表示轻蔑的称呼  ⑤止:停留。 ⑥全:保全                                                                                  
  1.解释选文中加点的词。(1)故不为苟得也。            (2)故患有所不辟也                        
  (3)不忍委之              (4)遂班军而还                                                          
  2.翻译句子。(1)二者不可得兼,舍生而取义者也。                                                   
  (2)友人语巨伯曰:“吾今死矣!子可去。                                                                
  3.请概括出乙文所写的故事。                                                                                    
  4.甲、乙两文虽然表达方式不同,但都体现了                           的思想。                                      
  二.阅读下面两个语段,回答问题。                                                                    
  [甲]鱼,我所欲也;……贤者能勿丧耳。                                                                            
  [乙]天祥至潮阳,见弘范,左右命之拜,不拜。弘范遂以客礼见之,与俱入厓山,使为书招张世杰。天祥曰:“吾不能扞父母,乃教人叛父母,可乎?”索之固,乃书所以过伶仃洋诗与之。其末有云:“人生自古谁无死?留取丹心照汗青。”弘范笑而置之。厓山破,军中置酒大会。弘范曰:“国亡,丞相忠孝尽矣,能改心以事宋者事皇上,将不失为宰相也。”天祥泫然出涕,曰:“国亡不能捄,为人臣者死有余罪,况敢逃其死而二其心乎!”                                        
  【注】1弘范:元军元帅 2扞han:保卫 3泫然:水滴下的样子 4捄:通救。                                 
  1.解释文中加点的词。                                                                                                     
  (1)故患有所不辟也             (2)天祥泫然出涕                                                     
  2.翻译下面的句子。(1)是故所欲有甚于生者,所恶有甚于死者。                                          
  (2)弘范遂以客礼见之。                                                                        
  3.请从乙文中分别找出最能体现文天祥“富贵不能淫,威武不能屈”的句子。                             
  (1)富贵不能淫:                                                                                                             
  (2)威武不能屈:                                                                                                   
  4.乙文中,文天祥的所作所为印证了甲文中的哪句话。                                                                 
  5.请结合文体特点,简要分析甲、乙两文在写法上有何不同?                                                 
  三.阅读下面两个语段,完成下面的问题。
  [甲]于是入朝见威王,……皆朝于齐。此所谓战胜于朝廷。                                                        
  [乙]宋昭公出亡,至于鄙,喟然叹曰:“吾知所以亡矣。吾朝臣千人,发政举事,‘吾君圣者’侍御数百人,被服以立,无不曰:‘吾君丽者’内外不闻吾过,是以至此!”由宋君观之,人君之所以离国家失社稷者,谄谀者众矣。                                                                           
  【注】1出亡:国亡后出逃 2发政举事:施政做事。3侍御:侍从妃子 4被:穿上 5谄谀:谄谀奉承。
      1.解释下面句子中加点词的意思。                                                                                     
  (1)臣之妻私臣          (2)群臣吏民能面刺寡人之过者                                                      
  2.用现代汉语写出句子在文中的意思。                                                                            
  由此观之,王之蔽甚矣。                                                                                                  
  3.邹忌的进谏为什么能让齐威王称“善”?                                                                   
  4.齐威王和宋昭公的周围同样有谄谀者,然而齐国能够“战胜于朝廷”,宋昭公却不得不“出亡”,结合语段说说造成这样不同结局的原因有哪些。                                                          
  5.从上面两个语段中,你得到哪些启示。                                                                    
  四.阅读文言文,回答问题。                                                                                        
  [甲]鱼,我所欲也;。。。。。。贤者能勿丧耳。                                                                     
  [乙]曾子衣敝衣以耕。鲁君使人往致邑(给一座城)焉,曰:“请以此修衣。”曾子不受。反,复往,又不受。使者曰:“先生非求于人,人则献之,奚为不受?”                     

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